27/05/21 ,Tuesday
This week we were still stuck at home during HBL, nevertheless, we still participated in the lessons conducted by Dr Noel.
------------------------------------ 👾📐📏Product Design Consideration 👾📐📏----------------------------------
This week we are considering not only what materials to incorporate in to our product design but also the different modifications we can make in terms of design while sustaining the materials attributes. Here is a video example on Product design consideration in casting check it out!
---------------------------------------💬💟📌The Philosophy of sustainable design 💬💟📌----------------------
Always use non-toxic, sustainably or recycled materials that have a lower impact on the environment
During manufacturing of products, use energy efficient processes
Create and build longer-lasting products in order to reduce impact of producing replacements
Design products that are reusable and recyclable
Consider the product life
Shift personal ownership to shared ownership
Buy from nearby
------------------------------------------ 🌍🌑🌞 Product life-cycle 🌍🌑🌞 --------------------------------------------
Activity 1
We did a short activity to complete the product life cycle of papers. It was a very fun activity as it was quite interactive, it was like playing a game of the life cycle of paper except that it is educational as well.
This is how the completed one looks like :
-----------------------------💥💦💬6 stages of product lifecycle of paper💥💦💬----------------------------------
There are a total of 6 main stages in product lifecycle of paper
Raw Materials or Extraction
Manufacturing and Production
Packaging
Distribution
Use
Disposal
Raw Materials or Extraction (Stage 1)
Where the forest or plantations are harvested
Trees are chopped down into logs
Logs would then be transported and the bark of the tree would be removed and it would be chipped
Manufacturing and Production (Stage 2)
Fibers from wood chips are cooked and would undergo processes
Cleaning and bleaching is done to the pulp
Water is removed
Fibers are the rolled into paper sheets and heated up
Cutting of the paper is done to fit consumers size
Packaging (Stage 3)
When the paper products are ready, the packed and sorted according to size, colour, design and texture
Packed into boxes and wrapped in plastic films
Distribution (Stage 4)
Paper product are transported all over the world to distributors/dealers ready to be sold to consumers
Warehousing and retailing are also counted in this stage
Use (Stage 5)
At this stage, paper is being used by us
They are usually used for writing, printing. Books magazines and newspapers
Disposal (Stage 6)
Reuse (Handing it down to other people or sell it at a lower cost)
Recycle (Most recycled paper are used to produce other products)
Disposal (they would end up in landfills or incinerators)
------------------------------------------------------ 📏📝📌 Activity 2 📏📝📌-------------------------------------------
Instructions :
We were required to construct a product life cycle of our chemical product
Provide an explanation for each life cycle stage on the diagram
Product Life Cycle – Heating Pack
Raw materials Extraction
Calcium Carbonate/Limestone (Mining)
Manufacturing
Grinding – Large limestone rocks are crushed into smaller fine rocks.
Calcination – Calcium Carbonate is decomposed into Calcium Oxide.
Hydration – Calcium Oxide is dissolved in water to form Aqueous Calcium Hydroxide
Carbonation – Calcium Carbonate Precipitate is formed by bubbling Carbon dioxide into Aqueous Calcium Hydroxide
Crystal Stabilization – Calcium Carbonate are formed into desired sizes.
Surface Treatment – Calcium Carbonate is treated to expected quality.
Dehydration – Most of the moisture is removed from the Calcium Carbonate.
Drying – Calcium Carbonate is dried and further crushed before packaging.
3.Packaging
Preparing cotton fiber bags.
Purifying – All fiber’s impurities and coloring bodies are removed.
Fiber finishing – A fiber lubricant is added.
Opening and Drying - cotton is dried.
Cotton fiber used to pack the calcium carbonate.
Distribution
Shipping
Transport to outlets
Uses
Heat up food.
Boil water
Disposal
Reuse
Litter
References
Shiraishi.co.jp. n.d. How Calcium Carbonate is Produced?｜Manufacturing｜CORE｜Shiraishi Group. [online] Available at: <https://www.shiraishi.co.jp/english/core/manufacture/tankaru/#:~:text=Calcium%20carbonate%20has%20three%20crystalline,or%20not%20chemicals%20are%20added. > [Accessed 27 May 2021].
----------------------------------------------- 🌍🌄⛅Cradle-to-Cradle Design 🌍🌄⛅-------------------------------
💢💢 Spoiler alert 💢💢
Our cycle is actually not closed. Most of our product life cycle falls into the Cradle-to-Grave product system. Firstly, the raw materials are obtained and after manufacturing and being used, they would just end up in landfills. Which is a very sad fact.
(2016)
The cradle-to-grave design minimizes negative impact on the environment mostly by reusing , reducing and recycling. However the method of recovery is ineffective.
So is there a better approach to product design??
Cradle-to-cradle design (C2C)
definition:
It is a biometric approach to the design of products and systems that emulates nature processes.. It stands for innovation and describes the safe and potentially infinite use of materials in cycles
Cradle-to-cradle Design Principles
Nutrients become nutrients again
Use of renewable energies
Celebrate diversity
Nutrients become nutrients again
It is basically when the waste of one organism is food for another
Use of renewable energies
To use systems powered by renewable energies such as solar energy, geothermal energy and wind energy instead of fossil fuels
(Apr 23)
Celebrate diversity
Makes the ecosystems more responsive for example sharing of resources.
(2021)
------------------------------------------------ 📃📄📝Activity 3 📃📄📝----------------------------------------
Instructions: Integrate any two C2C design strategies into your chemical product and update the product life cycle diagram
*Nutrients become nutrients again.
Process where the ‘waste’ of one organism is food for another. Hence the water is recycled and reused. The waste comes from the dehydration process and the food is for the hydration process.
Water from the dehydration process can be used in the hydration process, reducing the usage of water.
Aqueous Calcium
Hydroxide waste products can be reformed into Calcium Carbonate.
Celebrate diversity
The Carbon dioxide produced during the carbonation process can be used for other companies that require carbon dioxide. For example, it is used for refrigeration and cooling. As an inert gas in chemical processes. The carbon dioxide produced can be collected and transported to chemical companies that require it as an inert gas or refrigeration companies.
----------------------------------------------💬💟💭Reflection💬💟💭-----------------------------------------
After this week’s lesson, we learnt to modify our product design in order for it to be more efficient in saving the environment. We also leart the importance of the C2C design and how it could potentially save our environment if more and more companies or suppliers adopt these practices.
-----------------------------------------------📜📁📌References📜📁📌--------------------------------------
YouTube. (2020). Product Design Considerations in Casting. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6BTofPdLbNo&feature=emb_logo&ab_channel=AcademicGainTutorials.
EXPLORE THE KALUNDBORG SYMBIOSIS. Kalundborg Symbiose -. (2021, May 5). http://www.symbiosis.dk/en/.
Guardian News and Media. (2016, June 14). Can incineration and landfills save us from the recycling crisis? The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/sustainable-business/2016/jun/14/green-waste-distribution-methods-recycling-plastic-oil-epa
Apr 23, 2015 B. E. L. and P. P. G. F. N. A. (n.d.). Is It Possible for the World to Run on Renewable Energy? Knowledge@Wharton. https://knowledge.wharton.upenn.edu/article/can-the-world-run-on-renewable-energy/.
Brent Cornell. BioNinja. (n.d.). https://ib.bioninja.com.au/standard-level/topic-4-ecology/41-species-communities-and/nutrient-cycling.html.
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